Section NameSection Number
Civil rights commission definitions.§ 4112.01
Unlawful discriminatory practices.§ 4112.02
Unlawful discriminatory practice of creditor.§ 4112.021
Unlawful discriminatory practice of educational institution.§ 4112.022
Inherently military civilian job discrimination claims.§ 4112.023
Housing owned by religious organization; preference for occupants.§ 4112.024
Ohio civil rights commission.§ 4112.03
Commission - powers and duties.§ 4112.04
Filing a charge of unlawful discriminatory practice.§ 4112.05
Employment discrimination administrative remedy.§ 4112.051
Employment discrimination civil action.§ 4112.052
Affirmative defense to sexual harassment claim.§ 4112.054
Housing discrimination civil action.§ 4112.055
Refer housing discrimination claim to attorney general.§ 4112.056
Judicial review of final commission order.§ 4112.06
Right of commission to appeal judgment by court.§ 4112.061
Posting of notice.§ 4112.07
Liberal construction.§ 4112.08
Power to administer oaths, take affidavits and acknowledgments, and attest execution of instrument in writing.§ 4112.09
Attorney general and commission litigation.§ 4112.10
Compliance with commission orders for evidence.§ 4112.11
Commission on African-American males.§ 4112.12
Commission - powers and duties.§ 4112.13
Age discrimination.§ 4112.14
Civil rights commission general reimbursement fund.§ 4112.15
Notice of violation of accessibility law.§ 4112.16
Duties of new African immigrants commission.§ 4112.31
New African immigrants commission.§ 4112.32
Civil penalty.§ 4112.99
 

DISCOVER MORE

Featured
Does Ohio Law Require An HOA Board to Seek Member Approval For An Assessment Increase?

The Act states that an HOA board “may not increase any assessment for common expenses when the declaration limits the amount of such assessments unless the owners amend the declaration…” O.R.C. §5312.10(C)(2). An amendment to the declaration requires a vote of approval from 75% of the association members. O.R.C. §5312.05(A). If the declaration does not limit assessments or otherwise set forth the manner in which assessments are calculated, then the statutory means of determining assessments will apply. 

Does Ohio Law Permit Compensation of any Type for HOA Directors?

The Act is silent as to compensation of board-members and officers.  However, among the permitted “powers of owner’s association” that an HOA may exercise “through its board of directors” are “powers…conferred by the declaration or bylaws…permitted to be exercised in [Ohio] by a nonprofit corporation…[or] necessary and proper for the government and operation of the owners association.” O.R.C. §5312.06. Ohio’s Nonprofit Corporation Law permits a nonprofit corporation to adopt regulations for the governance of the organization either within 90 days of the date of incorporation or, if later, by majority vote of the voting members. 

Does Ohio Law Require an HOA Board to Appoint Officers from the Elected Members of the Board?

The Act states that an HOA’s “declaration and bylaws shall provide for the following…The election of the board of directors…[and] The powers and duties of the board.” O.R.C. §5312.02(B).  The Act then provides that the “board of directors…shall elect officers from the members of the board, to include a president, secretary, treasurer, and other officers as the board designates.” O.R.C. §5312.04(A) (emphasis added).  Thus, to comply with the Act, an HOA must elect board-members in a manner established in its declaration and bylaws, and the board must then elect officers from among the elected board-members.

Protection Against Suspected Retaliation

As association has a duty to treat owners equally and enforce rules evenly.  Owners who believe they are being treated unfairly should become familiar with the declaration and bylaws to determine their rights vis-a-vis the association and board.  In some situations, it would be appropriate for an owner who is being singled out for maltreatment to pursue a civil action against the board for money damages or injunctive relief.  

Which State Official has Jurisdiction over HOA’s in Ohio?

The Act does not delegate rulemaking or enforcement authority over HOA’s to any specific executive officer or agency.  Ohio HOA’s are required to organize as nonprofit corporations.  O.R.C. §5312.03(B).  Thus, with regard to its organizational structure and general management, an association is subject to the authority of the Ohio Secretary of State.  To the extent an HOA’s activities implicate any consumer protection statutes, the HOA is subject to the enforcement power of the Ohio Attorney General.

Is The Association The Final Decision Maker In A Dispute?

Ultimately, the final decision maker in any dispute between an HOA and an owner is a court of competent jurisdiction.  While an association can record a lien and suspend voting rights and common elements privileges for non-payment of assessments, a board does not otherwise have the authority to take “self-help” measures to enforce compliance and must enforce association rules through proper legal channels.  If an owner believes the board is exceeding its powers or not meeting its obligations, the owner can institute a civil suit to resolve the dispute.